Optimizing the results of male infertility treatment by detecting aneuploidy of embryos in in vitro fertilization

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been an increase in male infertility. According to various statistics, the male factor in the structure of infertile marriages is already 50-60%. An analysis of the world literature has shown that men with various types of pathozo-ospermia have a significantly increased risk of sper-matozoa aneuploidy, and therefore embryonic ane-uploidy, even in assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs. Along with this, when studying the results of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in men with vari-ous forms of pathozoospermia, low rates of preg-nancy and a higher frequency of reproductive losses were found compared to couples in which men had normal spermograms. The study included 325 coup-les with male factor infertility who applied to the Central Clinic of Baku for the period from 2008 to 2020 for in vitro fertilization. All patients were divi-ded into 3 groups. Group A consisted of 110 couples with pazoospermia in men who underwent in vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Group B included 110 pathozoospermic couples who underwent IVF without PGD (the pati-ents did not consent to PGD). Group C consisted of 105 couples with normal sperm counts who under-went IVF with PGD at their own request. The results obtained in the present study showed that patients with severe pathozoospermia included in IVF treat-ment may have a higher level of sex chromosome aneuploidy in embryos than patients with moderate pathozoospermia. Proper and thorough genetic counseling should be offered to patients with patho-zoospermia, emphasizing the increased risk of sex chromosome aneuploidy in their offspring and the importance of PGD in preventing this potential risk. FISH analysis is a fast, reliable and relatively inex-pensive method for assessing sex chromosomal ab-normalities in pre-implantation embryos.