Actual Questions of Modern Gynecology and Perinatology

The role of the immune state of the endometrium in the recurrent implantation disorders and miscarriages

J.F. Gurbanova, A.F. Amirova, İ.İ. Huseynova — Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0700

The immune response is strongly affected by metabolic and nutritional parameters, inflammatory exposures and autoimmune conditions, and age. Inflammatory health conditions, including intestinal microbial dysbiosis, hyperglycemia, metabolic
dysfunction, and dietary deficiencies, particularly vitamins A and D, can interfere with both innate and adaptive immunities and form readily tractable targets for infertility treatment. High-risk women with previous reproductive and pregnancy conditions are an obvious target for preconception care to boost immune function. Addressing these and related clinical, nutritional, and lifestyle considerations should form a key part of pregnancy planning

Prognostic significance of fetal fibronectin at different stages of gestation for preterm birth

Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0700

86 pregnant women were examined at various stages of pregnancy from 22-37 weeks with a threat of premature birth. The diaqnosis of threatened preterm birth was made on the basis of clinical (arregular contraction, pain), functional (NST monitoring) and ultrasound cervicometry (cervical length less than 25 mm). We used fetal fibronectin in cervicovaginal content at different stages of pregnancy as a specific marker of preterm birth. A special test was used to identify this marker - Strong Step Fetal Fibronectin Rapid Test (China). The effectiveness of the test was evaluated based on clinical and statistical data. Research indicated that the prognostic significance of fetal fibronectin varied at different stages of pregnancy. This test is most informative marker for pregnancy more 34 weeks. In earlier stages of pregnancy the prognostic value of the marker decreases.

Assessment of morbidity in newborns born at 37-38 weeks of pregnancy

G.T. Mamed-zade, J.F. Gurbanova, N.A. Ibragimova, K.M. Mustafaeva — Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0700

Births between 37 and 38 completed weeks of gestation, defined as early term birth, have become a topic of debate. The goal is to assess the condition of newborns born in the early stages of 37-38 weeks and compare with newborns born at 39-41 weeks. Material and methods: The retrospective study analyzed 100 history cases. Newborns were divided into 2 groups: main group - early birth at 37-38 weeks, 47 newborns; control group - births at 39-41 weeks, 53 newborns. Newborns were assessed for sex, birth weight, Apgar scores, maternal age, and birth parity. Results: Newborns of early birth at 37-38 weeks had significantly low body weight (p = 0.027), low Apgar scores after 1 minute (p = 0.034). Mothers of such newborns were more likely to be obese or overweight (p=0.034), as well as deliver by cesarean section (p=0.034). 32 multiparous mothers of newborns in the main group had a significantly more frequent history of premature birth (p = 0.025). In the main group, the probability of having low birth weight babies (OR=3.743, 95% CI, 1.102-12.711), the probability of unsatisfactory condition of the newborn after a minute (OR=2.451, 95% CI, 1.061-5.663), cesarean section (OR=2.485, 95% CI, 1.062-5.814), premature history of childbirth (OR=4.050, 95% CI, 1.136- 14.433), obesity/overweight (OR=2.485, 95% CI, 1.062-5.814) were high. Among low birth weight children, respiratory support was provided in 63.6% of cases (p=0.029). The level of glucose in the umbilical cord blood in newborns of the main group exceeded the same indicator in newborns of the control group (p = 0.053). Conclusion: For early birth at 37–38 weeks, low birth weight infants, Apgar score <7 at 1st minute, abdominal delivery, maternal history of preterm birth, and maternal obesity/ overweight can be considered independent predictors. Newborns born early (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) were at risk of hypoglycemia. Early term birth is associated with an increased need for hospital care in the early postpartum period.

New aspects of the laparoscopic approach in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse

J.F. Gurbanova, T.Sh. Aliyeva, F.F. Huseynova — Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0700

Pelvic organ prolapse occurs in more than 50% of perimenopausal women. The main goal of treatment is to restore the abnormal topographical anatomy that causes dysfunction of the pelvic organs. Recently, there have been significant changes in the surgical treatment of POP. Traditional vaginal procedures have been replaced by laparoscopic methods and better clinical results have been achieved. Pectopexy in laparoscopic operations has a number of advantages, the most important of which are: it allows the surgeon to use the pelvic region extensively for complex surgery, it does not narrow the pelvic cavity, so defecation and urination disorders are not expected after the operation, the recurrence rate of apical prolapse after the operation is expected to be very low, and chances of injury during surgery are low.

Assessment of morbidity in newborns born at 37-38 weeks of pregnancy

N.A. Ibragimova, J.F. Gurbanova, G.T. Mamed-zade, E.E. Smirnova, K.M. Mustafaeva — Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0700

The article presents an analysis of modern literature regarding pregnancy outcomes associated with the results of a triple test in the II trimester of pregnancy. The obtained results indicate the relationship between increased serum levels of AFP and hCG
with the risk of pregnancy complications. Serum markers, assessed in the triple test in the second trimester, can be used not only to detect aneuploidy and congenital anomalies, but also high-risk pregnancies. A triple test can help identify women at
high risk for adverse outcomes earlier in the second trimester.

Features of the Psycho-Emotional State of Women with Postpartum Depression

G.K. Atamoglanova, E.M. Aliyeva, B.M. Asadov, Sh.B. Vaqabova, A.R. Safaraliyeva — Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0700

Objective of the Study: To examine the psychoemotional state of women with depression during the postpartum period. Clinical Material and Research Methods: A total of 106 postpartum women were examined. The mean age was 28.3±1.6 years, ranging from 21 to 39 years. Among the participants, 46 women (43.4%) were primiparous, and 60 women (56.6%) were multiparous. The psycho-emotional state of the women was assessed using the Postnatal Depression Screening Scale. Results: It was found that the psycho-emotional state of 71 women (67%) was within the normal range, with an average score of 43.66±1.35 (64 points). Clinical manifestations of postpartum depression were observed in 35 women (33%), with an average score of 76.6±4.52 points on the Postnatal Depression Screening Scale. It was established that the Postnatal Depression Screening Scale is a simple and informative method for the early diagnosis of postpartum depression.

Human papilloma virus in pregnant women

N.A. Gurbanova, Z.F. Mehdiyeva — Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0700

The review article presents the results of an analysis of modern studies on the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its effect on pregnancy outcomes. Data on the association of HPV with premature birth, miscarriage, preeclampsia, fetal
growth retardation, and fetal death are presented. Based on the review of modern literature in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, it is hoped that further studies fully devoted to this issue will confirm the existence of a causal
relationship between HPV and adverse pregnancy outcomes.